Search
Better Farming OntarioBetter PorkBetter Farming Prairies

Better Pork Featured Articles

Better Pork magazine is published bimonthly. After each edition is published, we share featured articles online.


Genetics: Genetic markers help build a better pig faster

Wednesday, February 4, 2009

With DNA markers, researchers can greatly improve the accuracy of selecting for specific traits, such as meat quality, disease resistance and robustness of the animal

by SERGE POMMIER

When people ask me about the importance of genetic markers, they often bring up the halothane gene. Would greater focus on developing genetic markers help us discover more of these revolutionary genes? Would these markers transform genetic development and help us develop a super pig, one with improved meat quality, robustness, feed conversion and disease resistance?

In addressing these questions, the first thing I point out is that the halothane gene is one of the few genes which have a single, important impact on certain traits of production. In this case, it's an example of a defect which effects calcium regulation in muscle and has an impact on meat quality. Another example is the Belgian Blue beef breed, which has a gene involved in regulating myostatin production. Single genes with a major effect are therefore easily identified through measurements on the pig and "traditional" selection by any breeder. They are, however, relatively rare.

Classical selection (in any species) has been about selecting animals based on phenotypic animal measurements and assuming that we are concentrating the many beneficial genes which contribute to the performance we measure. However, in the case of most pig muscle development, growth and reproductive potential, there are many genes which affect the course of the expression of the phenotype.

The potential of markers is tremendous, especially with the development of faster and more cost-effective computers and programming as well as genome sequencing and analysis techniques that have evolved at a logarithmic pace. Today, researchers can identify markers in a fraction of the time it took 10 years ago. Quite simply, what we used to do in years we can now do in weeks.

Computers play an important role in marker development because of the need for a tremendous database of phenotypic traits. In reality, the candidate gene approach has been replaced by High Density Genotyping (HDG), the process of scanning the entire genome with thousands of genetic markers linked to different phenotypic traits.

With DNA markers, researchers can greatly improve the accuracy of selecting for specific traits, particularly with traits that are more difficult to measure and are lowly heritable in the live animal, such as meat quality, disease resistance and robustness of the animal.

One area where markers are having a great impact is increasing meat pH levels to optimize meat quality. Typically, normal meat pH ranges from 5.6 to 5.7. For example, with the aid of markers, genetic trends have been identified in Duroc sires which have helped increase pH to the 5.8 to 5.9 range.

There's also been work done to develop markers for PRRS resistance in populations which do not seem to be as negatively affected by PRRS contamination. Even in the same pen, some pigs do not react as negatively to PRRS contamination as others. Here, markers can be an effective means of identifying animals that have resistance and we could select for that trait.

Also of note is the key role markers are playing in developing robust pigs, defined as expressing a high production potential without problems across a wide range of environmental conditions.

So what results can markers deliver for producers? The use of markers included in the Estimation of Breeding Values increases the accuracy of the trait estimate and leads to an increase in the rate of genetic improvement. This improvement in accuracy can be 15 to 20 per cent higher in highly heritable, easily measured growth and carcass traits. For less heritable, more difficult to measure traits like reproduction and robustness, accuracy could be improved by up to 50 to 60 per cent.

Modern, intensive livestock production puts a great deal of pressure on animals and, in some cases, may limit the full expression of the genetic potential of the animals. Only the more robust are able to cope with these practices. But, with markers, we can realize significant genetic improvement in areas which have become some of the most important aspects of modern pig production. BP
 

Current Issue

June 2025

Better Pork Magazine

Farms.com Swine News

Fresh Immigration Stream for Farm Jobs

Friday, July 11, 2025

Canada’s agriculture industry is facing serious labour shortages. To resolve this issue, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) is working on a new immigration stream that will help bring international workers into this essential sector. The Agri-Food Pilot, which previously... Read this article online

CFIB urges clarity on internal trade rules

Friday, July 11, 2025

As the Committee on Internal Trade (CIT) prepares to meet, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB) is urging officials to finalize a pan-Canadian mutual recognition agreement and support interprovincial alcohol delivery. In a letter sent to the committee, CFIB highlights... Read this article online

Ontario farmers get boost for energy upgrades

Friday, July 11, 2025

The governments of Canada and Ontario are investing up to $3 million in the third round of the Agricultural Stewardship Initiative (ASI). This funding will help farmers improve the energy efficiency of their operations and support the long-term sustainability of the agriculture... Read this article online

Ag industry remembers Bob Mazer

Thursday, July 10, 2025

Members of the Canadian and American ag industries are remembering Bob Mazer, the president and CEO of Mazergroup, an equipment dealership network with 18 locations between Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Mazer passed away on July 6 after a battle with cancer, a Facebook post says. He was... Read this article online

Swede midge and cabbageworm found in Ontario canola

Thursday, July 10, 2025

As reported on the OMAFA website fieldcropnews.com, Ontario canola crops are at various growth stages, ranging from seedling to full bloom depending on planting time and region. Winter canola is now fully podded, and harvest is expected to begin soon in Essex and other southern... Read this article online

BF logo

It's farming. And it's better.

 

a Farms.com Company

Subscriptions

Subscriber inquiries, change of address, or USA and international orders, please email: subscriptions@betterfarming.com or call 888-248-4893 x 281.


Article Ideas & Media Releases

Have a story idea or media release? If you want coverage of an ag issue, trend, or company news, please email us.

Follow us on Social Media

 

Sign up to a Farms.com Newsletter

 

DisclaimerPrivacy Policy2025 ©AgMedia Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Back To Top